ABSTRACT
Introduction: Ovarian carcinoma is most common ovarianmalignancy which accounts for vast majority (90%) of ovariantumors. It is invariably accompanied by changes in signaltransduction pathways. The aim of the study was to evaluatethe expression of β– catenin and PTEN in diagnosed casesof ovarian surface epithelial neoplasm and correlate themto histological grade and stage of ovarian carcinoma. Studydesign: This was a cross-sectional observational study.Material and methods: The study was conducted over a periodof one year (February 2017 to July 2018). β– catenin and PTENexpression was evaluated in 50 histologically diagnosed casesof ovarian epithelial neoplasm by immunohistochemistry(IHC) using a scoring system. Statistical analysis StatisticalAnalysis was performed with help of Epi Info (TM) 7.2.2.2. Ap-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Membranous, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear β-cateninexpression was significantly higher for high grade tumors thanthat of low grade tumors. No significant association betweenβ-catenin expression and stage was found. A significantassociation of PTEN expression with tumor grade (p=0.0367)and histological subtype (p=0.03) has been found. Significantassociation of loss of PTEN expression with stage of the tumorwas also found (p=0.023). No significant correlation betweennuclear score of β-catenin and PTEN score was found.Conclusion: Considering the observations of the presentstudy, it can be concluded that β-catenin and PTEN mayplay an active role in the pathogenesis of ovarian carcinomasubtypes and they have a positive correlation with grade andstage of tumours. So, these biomarkers may be consideredas prognostic parameters and critical evaluator of targetedtherapy
ABSTRACT
Soft tissue amyloidoma with features similar to plasmacytoma, in absence of systemic amyloidosis, is an extremely rare finding. We hereby report the case of a 77 year old man who presented with a painless, nodular swelling on chest wall, diagnosed as soft tissue amyloidoma with plasma cell infiltration. Congo red staining was done to prove the presence of amyloid which showed characteristic “apple‑green” birefringence on polarized microscopy. The plasma cells were monoclonal in origin as demonstrated by serum protein and immunofixation electrophoresis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second such reported case. However close follow up is required, as this patient may develop multiple myeloma in future.
ABSTRACT
Type II Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a major risk factor for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Patients remain mostly asymptomatic and thus diagnosed at an advance stage of the disease. Our aim of study was to detect the CAD at an early stage in asymptomatic diabetic patients. Methods: 136 asymptomatic type II diabetes mellitus patients were enrolled prospectively for treadmill test (TMT) and subsequent coronary angiography (CAG) was performed on 96 (70.87%) TMT positive patients. Diabetic status, clinical parameters including risk factors, TMT and angiographic findings were analyzed. Results: The patients were divided into two groups, high rich group A (risk factor >2) and low risk group B (risk factor >1). 34 patients of group A (36.95%) were CAD positive out of 92 patients of high risk group and 4 patients group B (9.09%) out of 44 patients of low rich group. Duration of diabetes mellitus and multiple risk factors were correlated with coronary artery disease (CAD) as well as multiple coronary artery involvement. Conclusions: A routine TMT of all long standing asymptomatic type 2 diabetic patients (>10 years) with family history of CAD and subsequent CAG should be done on all TMT positive patients for early detection of CAD to take early appropriate revascularization measure.